Francis Galton's "The Comparative Worth of Different Races"

• Galton argued that civilization is necessary for high intelligence.

• Galton ranked different races in sixteen categories, based on cognitive ability. (A-G) are above the mean,  (a-g) are below the mean, X is for a genius, and x is for an "imbecile.

• Galton believed that the white class of F was the equivalent to the "black race's" X. He argued that its total classes above G corresponded with the "white race's" F.

• Even though native chiefs are very skilled in the art of ruling men, white travelers are almost always assumed to be the better man.

• He stated that the "number among the negroes of those whom we should call half-witted men is very large." He called their mistakes "childish, stupid, and simpleton-like."

• The Australians are considered to be at least one grade below the "African negro."

• On the other hand, the Lowland Scotch and the English North-country man is a fraction of a grade superior to that of an ordinary Englishman. The conditions of the Englishman's life are considered too hard to handle, causing them to be degenerate.

• The ancient Greeks are considered to be the ablest race in all of human history. They have made the greatest masterpieces in all of the major intellectual departments.